Africa

=Africa=

** Essential Questions **: Political change can cause a conflict because everyone might not support the change, the change may benefit a specific group of people rather than the nation as a whole**. People grow into a certain kind of political structure **
 * **How can political change cause conflict**

The development of nationalism impacts people within the nation because it kind of unites them and brings them together. Everybody is one. Reunite people with their cultural heritage.
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**

They can affect each other because the political parties have a lot of say of how to run the economy, what to do with its money, and how to distribute it. ** They both intertwine, if they have an issue with another nation they might not be able to distribute goods back and forth. Political disagreements cause economic disagreements **
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**

The characteristics and factors that unite people as a nation are similar thinking/ ideas, compromising with each other, being able to be themselves. **Culture, Faith in government, a tragedy, common languages, common culture. We are a nation of many people**
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**

Imperialism Video

 * 1793 McCartney mission
 * European had to use silver
 * Europeans found something the Chinese would buy: Opium
 * 1839 saw unfair trade practices
 * Lin's infamous latter
 * Chinese made tea parties and confiscating British opium
 * Europe turned Africa into the scramble of Africa
 * Europeans have been apart of Africa
 * Europeans wanted industrial revolutions
 * wanted colonies to secure materials like cotton, copper
 * did not fail until late 1900's because they could not
 * steamships made it possible
 * made machine gun
 * born an America then became a "Brit"
 * European imperialism involved alot of fighting and dying
 * African resisted violent
 * even Belgium got involved
 * Intermidiatly
 * rules through and by the natives
 * Europeans could depend on their military
 * Advantages: educated in Europe and could not resist
 * sometimes Africans rulers were so good at adapting the technology they could successfully resist
 * as western corporations grew their influence grew


 * Imperialism in Africa**
 * African nations were toubled by economic
 * Slave trade
 * European had ability to move quickly and fight wars with efficiency
 * European missionaries open hospitals and schoools
 * Exploided and oppressed africans
 * Exploided the land and people of the kongo
 * Set off a scramble for colonies
 * Comrad wrote about the horriors of imperialism buyt did not end the scrambles
 * Only ethiopia and lyberia resisted imperiialism

** Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire. ** ** By Karl Liebknecht **

This quote is saying that Imperialism is strong and can quickly cause a lot of damage, bringing harm to the people within the nation rather than bringing good. It is destructive and damages most of the nation and takes away from them economically, culturally and more.

**The White Man's Burden: Questions:**
The White Man's Burden is the job the Europeans believed they had to colonize other nations and impose their civilization on the foreign nations. The reward is the hatred of the people, and that they will not be grateful for them trying to improve their lives.They should get something for all of their efforts, like raw materials. He thought the Americans would read it, and would not respond in a peaceful way because he is saying that imperialism and taking over Africa does not result in any praise by the people. He was looking to gain support from government officials. The most interesting line was "The blame of those ye guard, the cry of hosts ye humor." I found this interesting because Kipling is coming right out and saying that the Americans "reward" for doing this will not be one that they expected, and it is showing them what the people of Africa really think of their colonization and imperialism.
 * 1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? **
 * 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? **
 * 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? **
 * 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why? **

**The Black Man's Burden:**
The message of this poem is that the white men don't really have a burden, what ever issues; like war they have they bring it upon themselves. They are so quick to take their armies and bring out their weapons to fight. While discriminating and trying to destroy the brown race. They are kind of like bullies, Menaces to the world. What the white man takes as a burden is not a burden on them Lines: Hail ye your fearless armies, Which menace feeble folks Who fight with clubs and arrows and brook your rifle’s smoke.

and

Lines: You’ve sealed the Red Man’s problem, And will take up the Brown, In vain ye seek to end it,

**Significance of the Berlin Conference** The significance of the Berlin conference was Any power which henceforth takes possession of a tract of land on the coasts of the African Continent outside of its present possessions, or which, being hitherto without such possessions, shall acquire them and assume a protectorate

Navigation Division Greed Regulation Beneficial, to European countries <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">trade
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5 Words- **

// " Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference //// of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider** : ** Haille Selassie's prospective is that it is the people's fault that bad is happening because they stood by and watched and allowed this to happen. They did not fight back as hard as they could. This could be in the context of imperialism The author might be making this statement because his nation stood against imperialism and remained independent when the rest of Africa aside from Liberia, did not. When people fail to stand up history repeats itself. His statement was to the world because he saw what was going on and people just standing by. This relates to imperialism in Africa because the author was the emperor of Ethiopia who has stayed independent during the imperial times. Basically wondering why they thought it was ok to do what the imperialists were doing.
 * ** What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does? **
 * Why might the author be making this statement?
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.


 * "On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)**

//Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races...//

//I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But in our time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.//

//I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do withtout safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world.//

The author was the prime minister of France. his viewpoint is that the superior race should have control of the inferior because it is what is suppose to be, that is why they are superior. They are higher. He offers what the superiors need to stay superior and how it was their duty They thought it was right, that it was how it should be
 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?

The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982.Artists: Linley Sambourne

This political Cartoon was published during the imperialist time when France, Germany, Great Britain, and Europe were taking control of Africa. This might have the impact that they are higher, bigger, and more powerful then Africa, they are superior. The superior race, I see a string that is sort of connected all parts of Africa to the ginormous white man. There is a little tiny part that is not under him as the rest of Africa is. He has a gun and is dressed in uniform, he is taking off his hat as if to say "look at all of this, its all mine" The artists view point is that Africa is being taken over, it is under the control of ..... except for a small part. With the attitude that it is all of his
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?

**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey**

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1db5NXQTLcpbLqZiya8EWO2owGZGquMdHiQ3l_axQBBo/edit?usp=sharing

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"> **Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.** So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different. They were treated like slaves, they were harmed and then they had an unfair fight during the rebellion stage. They were unsuccessful because their weapons were not as advanced as the white men's weapons. Nor were they as organized
 * **How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?**
 * **Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"> **Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: inline !important; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; text-align: left;">And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice

The author is an African Chief who believes his land was taken and his brothers were killed and imperialism was unjust. This refers to On the white men's side they had advanced weapons and attacked the people of Africa and took advantage of the vulnerability. The Chief thinks the British is wicked and sick in the mind. He thinks they are unjust and they bring fear among the Africans.
 * **Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?**
 * **Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.**
 * **What is the chief's opinion of the British?**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"> **Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: inline !important; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; text-align: left;">The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.

The message the German military was trying to send was that the East Africans had advantages. crazy ones. That it was ridiculous and crazy that the East African were so strong and victorious against them. Because the bullets would not strike them, and they over came the attackers. I think they made these claims because they were trying to say how strong their military was.
 * ** What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim **
 * **Why do you think the Africans made such claims?**

**Document 8**: Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.

The person in this picture is standing over a large elephant that it looks like he has just killed. He has one hand oon it and the weapon in the other hand like he has had a victory. The photograph is to show the dominant white man who has killed the African Elephant in the forests, its own home. The Africa was being taken over by the white men
 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?
 * Document 9**:

Germany, Great Britain, France, Portugal, and King Leopold of Helgium I feel as if Great Britain had the most valuable colonies because they got the gold AND the diamonds which goes to their economy. This could be explained by Europe wanting imperialism in Africa so that the could have all of Africa's resources to themselves. It was out of greed and the desire to have what Africa had so they can benefit their economy/ country They did it for Africa's raw materials
 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?
 * Document 10**:

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy.  Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962

His response was that they did this for Africa's raw materials because they have so much
 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?